Digital technology has been through a multitude of changes throughout the years. The first era was the Pre-Microcomputer Era (1950's-1970's). The first instructional mainframe wascreated by IBM. These terminals were multimedia learning stations that were capable of displying animation and video. By the time this computer was discontinued, about 25 different universities were using it to create computer-assisted instruction (CAI), software designed to teach information and/or skills related to a topic. However, even after smaller microcomputers started to replace maineframes such as the CAI, they were still expensive to buy and complex to use and maintain. The Microcomputer Era (1970's-1990's) saw teachers bringing smaller computers, called desktops, to the classroom and were designed to be used by only one person at a time. Software catering to teachers began to emerge, causing organizations to spring up to help choose software for teachers to use in the classroom. The software were soon deemed as too consuming for teachers, and districts began to purchase network integrated learning systems (ILS). There were three other technology initiatives that became prominent during this era: the computer literacy movement, videodisc-based curriculum, and the logo movement. At the beginning of the 1990's, the Internet Era (1990's-2000's) began to emerge. Although the internet had already been in operation for many years, the world wide web was introduced in 1993. The first browser software was created, and created a new spark of interest for the internet. By the early 2000's, email, online multimedia, and videoconferencing became standard tools among internet users. Virtual schools also began to steadily grow in popularity. Once portable devices such as tablets and smartphones came into play, the Mobile Technologies, Social Media, and Open Access Era (2000's-Present) began. Due to the ease of access of online resources, this era sparked several movements: distance learning, electronic books, mobile access, and open access. While this new technology was seen as a great thing for many people, educators struggled to create appropriate policies and uses that could take advantage of the technology while minimizing its risks and problems.