Standard 1: Determine the reasons for rules, laws, and the U.S. Constitution; the role of citizenship
in the promotion of rules and laws; and the consequences for people who violate rules
and laws.
Standard 2: Discuss the importance of public virtue and the role of citizens, including how to
participate in a classroom, in the community, and in civic life.
Standard 3: Know the histories of important local and national landmarks, symbols, and essential
documents that create a sense of community among citizens and exemplify cherished
ideals (e.g., the U.S. flag, the bald eagle, the Statue of Liberty, the U.S. Constitution, the
Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Capitol).
Standard 4: Understand the three branches of government, with an emphasis on local government.
Standard 5: Describe the ways in which California, the other states, and sovereign American
Indian tribes contribute to the making of our nation and participate in the federal
system of government.
Standard 6: Describe the lives of American heroes who took risks to secure our freedoms (e.g.,
Anne Hutchinson, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln, Frederick
Douglass, Harriet Tubman, Martin Luther King, Jr.).