Brondum, J., & Stenson, N. (1998, February). Types of immersion education: An introduction. The ACIE Newsletter, 1(2). Retrieved February 1, 2007, from http://www.carla.umn.edu/immersion/acie

• This article explains the different types and forms of immersion education.  There are also a few statistics provided on their effectiveness.
• I will use this article for basic definitions about immersion education, as well as statistics.

Comparing expressive vocabulary size in children from bilingual and monolingual home environments: A reply to patterson’s (2004) commentary. (2004). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 47 (5), 1216-1217. Retrieved February 1, 2007, from WilsonWeb.

• This article is about children coming from homes where one or more language is spoken, and mentions bilingual and monolingual children.  It is a response to a commentary on an earlier article.
• I will use this article to write about monolingual children, students who are not mentioned often in most articles

Crawford, James.  (1989).  Bilingual Education: History, Politics, Theory and Practice.  Trenton, NJ: Crane Publishing Company.

• This book provides many historical facts about Bilingual Education and politics.  The information gathered so far consists of facts such as When Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Bilingual Act: January of 1968.
• This book will help me gather dates, facts court rulings and more, which will allow me to introduce what I will be writing about

Giambo, D., Gonzales, M. L., Szrcsi, T., and Thirumurthy, V. (2006, Winter).  Beyond Johnny Appleseed: Learning English as a new language through ethnically diverse literature. (Teaching Strategies). Childhood Education, 104(4), 83.  Retrieved February 1, 2007, from Infotrac.

• This article comes to the conclusion that language and culture and completely connected, and that you cannot have one without the other.  It also includes what learning a new language requires, and how teachers should choose culturally diverse books.
• I will use this article to point out the fact that culture and language are connected and how difficult it can be to learn a new language.

Hamilton, K., & Krashen, S. (2006, April). Bilingual or Immersion?  Diverse Issues in Higher Education, 23(5), 23-26.  Retrieved February 2, 2007, from Education Index.

• This article focuses on the popular question; bilingual or immersion?  It concludes that the stakes are high in any decision made about the way in which to teach immigrants, and gives very helpful and specific myths and responses to those myths.
• I will be able to use this article to address myths and informed responses to them that some people may have never considered. 

Miller, K. (1999, December). What immersion research has taught us. The ACIE Newsletter, 3(1). Retrieved February 1, 2007, from http://www.carla.umn.edu/ immersion/acie/ vol3/Dec1999_ImmersResearch.html

• This article discusses immersion programs.  In this article Dr. Genesee inquires how instruction in a foreign language can actually help someone. He then begins observing classrooms and comes to the conclusion that immersion might not be such a negative thing.
• I will use this article to address positive outlooks on bilingual immersion.  Not all articles have this positive outlook on immersion so it will be very helpful for me to develop a non-biased opinion and research paper.

National Clearing House for English Language Acquisition and Language Instruction Education Programs. (2000). ELLs and U.S. schools. Retrieved February 1, 2007, from http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/about/lieps/3_schools.html

• This article explains that ELL students need more time for the task or learning a new language than they are often given.  It also mentions the 1974 Supreme Court ruling that school districts must provide special services to EL learners.
• I will use this article partially to suggest how much time ELL students truly need, and I will also mention the court rulings provided.

National Clearing House for English Language Acquisition Instruction Educational Programs. (2006). Arizona rate of LEP growth.  Retrieved February 1, 2007, from http://www.ncela.gwu.ed/policy/states/reports/statedata/2004LEP/ArizonaG-05.pdf

• This article shows the increase of LEP growth from 1994 to 2005.
• I will use this graph in my essay to show how LEP continues to grow over time.

Palmer, B., C., Shackelford, V., S., Miller, S., C., and Leclere, J., T. (2006, December, 2007, January).  Bridging two worlds: Reading comprehension, figurative language instruction, and the English-language learner.  Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 50 (4), 258-267.  Retrieved February 2, 2007, from Education Index.

• This journal provides great examples as to why ELL learners struggle with learning English.  It  gives an example of a man, Alejandro, who has difficulty leaning English, mainly because of the figurative part of the language.
• This article will allow me to use specific examples as to why it is difficult to learn English and why it takes so much time and patience. 

Rossell, C. (December 2004). Teaching English through English. Educational Leadership, 62, 32-36.  Retrieved February 5, 2007.

• This article provides definitions on the types of bilingual education, what the author has observed upon visiting those types of classrooms, and her conclusions.  Her opinions and discoveries are very insightful and helpful.
• I will use this article for definitions, and for insightful conclusions that came from observing.

Sime, D. (2006). What do learners make of teachers’ gestures in the language classroom? IRAL, 44 (2), 211-230. Retrieved February 1, 2007, from WilsonWeb.

• This article is a descriptive study of the effects of teacher’s gestures in the EFL (English as a foreign language) classroom.  The perspective is mainly from a language learner’s perspective, and they tend to believe it has a large effect on their learning process.
• I will use this article to suggest an excellent way to help ELL students: by using gestures and facial expressions.

Stopla, J., M. (2005, Winter-Spring).  2005: The year of languages. (Forum on Education & Academics). Phi Kappa Phi Forum, 3(2), 85.  Retrieved February 1, 2007, from InfoTrac.

• This article explains how many Americans consider learning a different language to be an unnecessary privilege and how we should change that attitude.  Stopla also explains that learning a different language provides understanding of the culture.
• I will use this article to suggest a way that American’s could learn to sympathize with those learning a new language; by learning one themselves.  It might also allow people to open their minds to a new way of learning another culture.

Wedding, C. (2006). Teaching the teacher: How learning a new language made me a better educator. The Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 72 (2), 55-59.  Retrieved February 1,2007, from WilsonWeb.

• This article is about a teacher who plans to go to Paris for her anniversary.  She specializes in English for International students, and she decided to learn French before going on her trip, which would allow her to experience first-hand the challenges of learning another language.  She used many tricks and techniques that she claims to now use in her classroom.
• I will use this article to explain how learning a new language can help teachers empathize with ELL students during their struggle of learning a new language.