These are signal items a search and rescue team member should keep on hand. They are a simple means of communication when a radio signal is not available and can clearly pinpoint a team member's location.

Whistle

A whistle is used as a signaling device. It can be used as a signal in an emergency situation or

can be used as a sound attraction device while searching. A good quality, sturdy, loud whistle

is recommended. Metal whistles should be avoided as their use in cold, winter conditions is

problematic.

Signal Mirror

The military style signal mirror is the most basic and best all-around signaling device. Compact

and simple to operate, it has been used successfully for many rescues. This type of mirror is

required for Certification. While any shiny object can and has been successfully used for

signaling, a mirror especially designed for signaling and sighting is generally brighter and much

easier to aim.

In normal sunlight, the flash from a 2-inch by 3-inch signal mirror can be seen easily for ten

miles while the flash from a 3-inch by 5-inch mirror will be visible up to 30 miles, depending

upon atmospheric conditions. A mirror will work on bright overcast days and with moonlight,

though with much-reduced range.

The 2-inch by 3-inch size (standard, small military specification size) works adequately, and the

convenient size and weight is an asset for ground-pounders.

To use a signal mirror, reflect sunlight from the mirror onto a nearby

surface (your hand, a tree, etc.). Slowly bring the mirror to eye level and

look through the sighting hole. You will see a bright spot – called the

fireball – within the surrounding mesh. This is the aim indicator. Hold the

mirror close to your eye and slowly turn it so that the fireball is on the

target. Manipulate the mirror up and down rapidly to flash the target.

Once the target indicates your flash has been spotted and turns toward you, do not keep the

mirror on it continuously, because the flash can be blinding. Continue flashing periodically until

the target arrives and indicates you have been visually located.

Light Source

At least one source of light is required. A headlamp or flashlight, with extra batteries and bulbs,

will satisfy this requirement. When working in a cave, three sources of light may be required.